Drinking Water-Irrigation
Client: Municipality of Emmanuel Pappas
Year: 1999
ISSUE
The purpose of the study was the feasibility and preapproval of the location of two water intake works (water reservoirs) near the river of Cranorema, located northwest of Community of the Holly Spirit.
SOLUTION
The water reservoirs are designed to store, regulate and provide water for drinking and irrigation demands for the villages and cultivated areas. 
The reservoirs are briefly described below:
• Reservoir No. 1 is located in the vicinity of the ruins of the old (ancient) settlement of Dranova and has a capacity of 300.000m3. The adductor pipe is open with a length of 300m. The embankement is 10m high and 250 m long. The downstream slope gradient is 1: 2,5 (vertical-horizontal) and the upstream slope gradient gradient is 1:3 of the catchment.
• Reservoir No. 2 is located to the south of the Reservoir No.1 and has a capacity of 200.000m3. The embankment is 200m long and the slope gradient is 1:2,5 downstream and 1:3 upstream of the catchment.
• Reservoir No.3 is located to the south of the Reservoir No.1 at the location Plous, and has a capacity of 300.000m3. The adductor pipe has a length of 400m and the embankement is 1km long.
The proposed works include:
• Removal of the earth and disintegrated material from the foundations of the construction and excavation up to 5m depth in order to create the bottom bed for the reservoirs
• Backfill works for the construction of the embankments of the reservoirs
• Layering of the reservoirs bottom bed with fine-grained or clay material
• Placement of waterproof membrane at the bottom and the slopes of the reservoir
• Fencing of the reservoirs
• Construction of a perimetric ditch upstream of each of the reservoirs on the side of natural slopes
• Construction of water intake works from reinforced concrete in two places on the river bed
• Construction of the adductor conduit and overflow weirs
• Construction of washouts at the bottom of reservoirs
The proposed solution for irrigation and water supply will provide a sufficient amount of 800.000 m3 water to the community. The hydrological study showed that the available surface water is abundant in the region and the potential quantity is estimated about 6,6*106 m3 per year.
In the current study, the exact locations for the construction of the works were identified and the existing condition of the natural and human environment was examined. Additionally, the feasibility of the work was demonstrated and a technical description of the works was performed.
Finally, the environmental impact from the construction and operation of the works was described and the mitigating actions during construction and operation phases were provided.
BENEFIT
The study was submitted to the environmental public authority for environmental licensing and preapproval of the location of the proposed works in the region. The study was prepared in light of the integrated water resources management in the broader region.